by Spreck | Nov 3, 2024 | Uncategorized
The San Francisco Chronicle’s headline reads: “San Francisco’s famous water was put to a taste test. The results are surprising.” The full article is available online and well worth reading.
At Restore Hetch Hetchy, we were not so surprised with the results.
We’ve long thought that the adulation over the supposed superior quality of San Francisco’s water is unwarranted. So, over the past few months, Restore Hetch Hetchy initiated and conducted a series of “taste tests” to see what people think.
Participants were asked to compare San Francisco’s “Hetch Hetchy” water with supplies delivered by the East Bay Municipal Utilities District and the Marin Municipal Water District, and to rank them according to their preference. Ties were allowed.
Let’s cut to the chase. Out of 114 first place votes, only 28 people (25%) chose San Francisco’s water.
All testing used a “double-blind” protocol – i.e. neither the person tasting the water nor the person administering the test knew which sources corresponded with the samples. Further, all taps were flushed before filling glass bottles, and all samples were kept at room temperature.
The tests took place in 3 stages:
- In June, samples were collected at the SFPUC and EBMUD headquarters and from a Mexican restaurant in Larkspur (grouchy staff at the Marin Municipal Water District declined to provide samples for the test!). Graduate students from the University of Colorado, who designed the test as part of a “Capstone” project, collected the opinions of passersby at the Rockridge BART station in Oakland. The Capstone Team’s reports – both their Findings as well as their Methodology and Recommendations – are posted.
- In July, samples were collected from private homes in San Mateo County (90% SFPUC water), Oakland (EBMUD) and Fairfax (Marin). The samples were offered to passersby at Safeway and in homes. The samples were also sent to a lab for analysis – see results for SFPUC, EBMUD and Marin.
- In October, samples were collected from the same private homes in San Mateo County, Oakland and Fairfax. The water was offered to people attending Restore Hetch Hetchy’s Annual dinner on October 26 – as soon as they arrived and before they consumed any other food or beverage.
A breakdown of the results is provided below reflecting the variability of responses. Also, as the Chronicle article notes, the exact mix of sources in any utility’s supply varies over time and location (for example, San Francisco has recently taken Hetch Hetchy Reservoir offline in winter months so they can do maintenance on the Mountain Tunnel – something customers rarely notice).
Some water experts have indicated they prefer San Francisco’s water for its “pure” taste. Others have said that San Francisco’s water has too little taste and that they prefer water with a modest mineral content (mostly calcium and magnesium). Too much mineral content, as is the case with much of southern California’s water, is generally disfavored. Figure 2, below, compares the mineral content of the samples used in the taste tests with values reported in water supplies for San Diego, Los Angeles and Sacramento.
When Hetch Hetchy Valley is restored, San Francisco will still rely principally on the Tuolumne River for the majority of its supply. Water will be stored in and diverted from Cherry, Eleanor and Don Pedro Reservoirs – with mineral content perhaps similar to East Bay MUD’s Pardee Reservoir. Maybe customers will like their water even better!
Restore Hetch Hetchy is pretty well convinced that the hype over “Hetch Hetchy” water is overstated. If the San Francisco Public Utilities Commission is not convinced, we would welcome the opportunity to cosponsor an independent test.
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Finally, a reminder that the Capstone Team will be presenting their Water Taste Test and other findings via Zoom Monday November 4 at 6 PM (Pacific Time). Register here if you would like to join the discussion.
by Spreck | Oct 28, 2024 | Uncategorized
Pulitzer prize winning journalist Tom Philp keynoted Restore Hetch Hetchy’s Annual Dinner Saturday night at the Lafayette Veterans Memorial Center. In a wide-ranging and compelling speech, Philp reiterated his support for restoration of Yosemite’s Hetch Hetchy Valley before reflecting on many of California’s myriad water issues from the perspective of a journalist as well as that of an erstwhile water agency employee.
Philp concluded his talk with a powerful (and well warranted) condemnation of San Francisco’s outdated sewage system and its shameless lawsuit now challenging the Clean Water Act before the Supreme Court. (The City’s lawsuit is opposed by 8 out of 10 Supervisors and 13 States in an Amicus Curiae brief.)
We will have more to report on from the dinner, but below is the full text of The SacBee editorial:
Tom Philp
The Golden Gate Bridge and the bay of San Francisco, seen from Lands End. The city’s discharge of untreated sewage during large storms is now a subject of a U.S. Supreme Court debate. Getty Images
San Francisco has long used the Pacific Ocean as its toilet. In heavy rains, the city on the hill cannot store all the storm runoff and sewage that flows toward an oceanside treatment plant in a single old pipe, so some heads out to sea. Now, in a case with national implications, San Francisco is hoping that the U.S. Supreme Court will allow it to pollute the ocean on occasion without violating the federal Clean Water Act.
Although San Francisco has lived under this regulatory construct for decades, it has now decided to test the limits of federal regulations with a right-leaning high court known for restricting environmental laws.
It is beyond ironic that San Francisco is normally the favorite punching bag of America’s right, with Florida’s Ron DeSantis once showing a map of homeless defecation sites in the city while debating California’s Gavin Newsom. Yet now, San Francisco is trying to take advantage of this infamously right-tilted court.
While the city denies its legal challenge has anything to do with how Donald Trump fundamentally shifted this court during his presidency, the timing speaks for itself. San Francisco is a regressive city when it comes to all things water.
It is California’s Trumpsville.
No less than 12 other states are fighting San Francisco in court. So is California Attorney General Rob Bonta. So is the Biden administration, which has taken San Francisco to court alleging years of failure to upgrade a wastewater system dating back to the 19th century.
But San Francisco doesn’t seem to care. All it wants is five black-robed justices back in Washington, D.C. to eliminate some regulations. And given the court’s oral arguments earlier this month, San Francisco may be on its way to weakening environmental protections for the rest of the nation.
“We know that San Francisco’s system is resulting in 196 million gallons of sewage poured onto San Francisco’s beaches,” argued Frederick Liu, an attorney for the federal Environmental Protection Agency. “We know that it’s leading to sewer backups into homes and businesses. We know that their infrastructure is aging and failing. We know that the discharges are leading to excessive concentrations.”
IS SAN FRANCISCO REALLY THE VICTIM?
Yet San Francisco considers itself the victim. “San Francisco is therefore exposed to crushing criminal and civil penalties even when it otherwise complies with its 300-page permit,” argued city attorney Tara Steeley. “It doesn’t tell permit holders in advance what we must do to control our discharges.”
San Francisco water management reeks of arrogance.
The system starts by storing water in Yosemite National Park’s Hetch Hetchy valley, a glacially-carved wonder that is now under water. The pristine snowmelt then flows to the city. There, after San Franciscans flush their toilets, precious little of the water is reused via recycling, a huge missed opportunity. Rather, the treated wastewater ends up either in San Francisco Bay or the Pacific when it isn’t raining. When it pours, the system can discharge untreated sewage.
Sacramento is the other major California city with a similar “combined” system, with one pipe for both stormwater and sewage in the inner city. But Sacramento is not in court over its permit. It treats “virtually” all its sewage prior to discharge in the Sacramento River.
It is San Francisco’s oceanside plant, the one that simply can’t adequately treat the waste of a quarter million San Franciscans when it rains, that is the subject of the litigation. The plant discharges at seven locations near shore and one 3.3 miles into the ocean.
San Francisco embraces that the Clean Water Act has allowed regulators to prescribe numeric limitations to discharges and their constituents. But it objects to broad prohibitions to pollute, contaminate or create a nuisance, known in the case as “generic prohibitions.”
Supreme Court Justice Brett Kavanaugh seemed to be outraged at the thought.
Speaking to Steeley, Kavanaugh said, “You’re on the hook for millions of dollars and potential prison time even though you didn’t know what your obligations were ahead of time,” a problem “that’s rooted in the statute.”
No attorneys could cite an instance when a wayward wastewater operator ever faced the prospect of incarceration. Rather, Liu told the court that state and federal regulators had to resort to some broad permit conditions because San Francisco made it impossible to do otherwise.
“We were unable to include limitations of that tailoring in this permit because San Francisco deprived us of the very information we would need to do that,” Liu said.
STONEWALLING LEADS TO A LAWSUIT
Fed up with the stonewalling, state and federal agencies have sued San Francisco in hopes of forcing the city to modernize its wastewater system.
“The city since the mid ‘90’s has done virtually nothing to invest in improving its combined sewer system,” said Eric Buescher, an attorney for the environmental group San Francisco Baykeeper.
The lawsuit, now in its early stages, seeks to prohibit any further clean water violations as well as civil penalties. Steeley told the high court the penalties could be as high as $10 billion. Liu said they hadn’t been calculated. He is basically right, the reality is that the case is far from a verdict.
Liu seemed to stop the right-leaning judges in their tracks when he sketched the real-world impact of their gutting the Clean Water Act as San Francisco wants.
The EPA in 14 days has long approved permits for countless farmers and construction projects as long as they broadly promise to follow environmental law. If the courts force regulators to prescribe specific numeric discharge limitations for these routine permits, what now takes days could take months. And that would “undermine…the economy of small business owners,” Liu said.
Justice Samuel Alito seemed to wonder out loud whether federal regulators should continue to issue broad restrictions in these permits and when applicants with complex systems like San Francisco have “refused to provide the information.”
If the court reaches such a compromise, San Francisco’s own recalcitrance, to provide the information that the federal government says it does not have, would be its undoing.
San Francisco water management remains stuck in the 19th century by defending a wastewater system of that era. It could move into the 20th century by embracing as implemented the environmental laws of that era. And it could leap into the modern world by joining its urban water peers, particularly those in Southern California, by recycling that water from the Sierra over and over again. Diversifying its Sierra-centric water portfolio would reduce San Francisco’s dependence on Yosemite. Such a prospect is one that the city’s antiquated water orthodoxy has never managed to fathom.
The Pacific shouldn’t be San Francisco’s potty to foul as much as it can get away with.
California’s most infamous Trumpian city will remain so until it cleans up its water act in so many ways.
by Spreck | Oct 22, 2024 | Uncategorized
When it rains hard in San Francisco, raw sewage flows into the Bay. The Environmental Protection Agency has asked the City to fix the problem. San Francisco responded by suing.
Last week, San Francisco’s lawsuit against the Environmental Protection Agency and its implementation of the Clean Water Act reached the Supreme Court.
As CNN notes, some City leaders, including 8 of 10 Supervisors, are unhappy to be part of a challenge to a landmark environmental law. The San Francisco Public Utilities Commission and the Mayor are both strong supporters of the lawsuit.
At issue is San Francisco’s combined wastewater-storm water system.
In most cities, including almost all on the west coast of the U.S. the systems are separate. When you flush a toilet or take a shower, the effluent goes into a wastewater system to a treatment plant where it is (largely) purified before it is returned to the environment. Rainwater is moved through a separate set of pipes.
In San Francisco, however, wastewater effluent (i.e. sewage) and storm water go into one system. This works fine most of the time. But in big storms, the load is too great for the treatment plants and raw untreated sewage flows into San Francisco Bay, into the ocean and onto beaches – harming fish, marine mammals and human health. See Figure 1.
For more information on combined sewer overflows, see EPA website.
What’s not clear are what San Francisco’s options are if they must comply. The City notes the hardship of building an entirely new system would be onerous, but it should also be able to enlarge the existing combined system to better handle future storms. Other cities with combined systems are watching closely and have weighed in on San Francisco’s side.
Another unknown is how far the Supreme Court will take its repeal of the Chevron standard. For 40 years, “Chevron deference” allowed government agencies wide discretion, often in how to implement environmental statues. It has only been 4 months, so it is too early to fully determine the effect of the loss of the Chevron standard.
The outcome of City and County of San Francisco v. Environmental Protection Agency is being closely watched and is expected to set a precedent for EPA’s ability to enforce the Clean Water Act throughout the country.
by Spreck | Sep 27, 2024 | Uncategorized
58 out of 60 large reservoirs in California allow both fishing and boating. Only Hetch Hetchy Reservoir in Yosemite National Park and Lake Matthews in Riverside County do not.
The vision of Restore Hetch Hetchy is to return to the people Yosemite Valley’s lost twin, Hetch Hetchy – a majestic glacier-carved valley with towering cliffs and waterfalls, an untamed place where river and wildlife run free, a new kind of national park.
We need to convince Congress to rescind or modify the Raker Act (provisions of the law, other than permission to dam Hetch Hetchy, should mostly be kept) or to convince San Francisco to relinquish the reservoir voluntarily. To build support, we are encouraging more people to visit Hetch Hetchy even with the dam in place.
As we have written, however (e.g. see Keeping Promises), access to Hetch Hetchy and recreational opportunities have been minimal after a century under the inordinate influence of the San Francisco Public Utilities Commission. We are working with the National Park Service to make Hetch Hetchy more accessible and more attractive to park visitors. We have had some success but there is a lot more that needs to be done. The public should be allowed to camp at Hetch Hetchy, to fish in the reservoir, and to boat on the reservoir – for sightseeing or to explore Hetch Hetchy’s extraordinary perimeter.
Camping, boating and fishing are the norm at large reservoirs in California. It is especially unacceptable that these activities are not allowed in Yosemite National Park, especially given San Francisco’s assurances and Congress’ expectations when Raker Act was passed.
Hetch Hetchy stands out as a reservoir with very limited recreation opportunities compared to others in California. Below (and attached) is a summary of recreation at California’s 60 largest reservoirs – those storing more than 100,000 acre-feet of water.
Hetch Hetchy and Recreation
at Large Reservoirs in California
September 2024
There are 60 reservoirs in California which store more than 100,000 acre-feet of water. The vast majority of these large reservoirs provide five types of recreation – camping, fishing, boating, swimming and hiking trails.
Recreation at Hetch Hetchy Reservoir, however, is limited, in spite of the expectations of Congress when it passed the Raker Act allowing Hetch Hetchy Valley to be dammed and flooded. Hiking trails are available, including the spectacular path to Wapama Falls and beyond, but camping, fishing, boating and swimming are prohibited.
Hetch Hetchy Reservoir and Lake Matthews are the only large reservoirs in California which prohibit fishing and boating. Also, 54 of the 60 large reservoirs allow camping, an activity available at Hetch Hetchy only for backpackers.
San Francisco stores water in 9 reservoirs – 4 in the Sierra Nevada and 5 in the Bay Area. Supplies delivered directly from Hetch Hetchy Reservoir have a rare exemption and do not require filtration. Water released from San Francisco’s Bay Area reservoirs provide about 30% of total supply and is filtered at treatment plants in Sunol and Daly City. These Bay Area reservoirs, all under 100,000 acre-feet in capacity, allow no public access.
The National Park Service manages Hetch Hetchy Reservoir in accordance with the Raker Act and other statutes. The Raker Act prohibits swimming in the reservoir and includes other limited measures to protect water quality, but expressly precludes the National Park Service from considering San Francisco’s filtration exemption in its management of Hetch Hetchy Reservoir. Nevertheless, until 2024 the National Park Service specifically used San Francisco’s filtration exemption as rationale for prohibiting fishing and boating at Hetch Hetchy. In May 2024, the National Park Service changed this rationale, and is currently citing the NPS Organic Act and the Wild and Scenic Rivers Act as justification for retaining its prohibition on fishing and boating at Hetch Hetchy.
Restore Hetch Hetchy respectfully asks the National Park Service to permit fishing, boating and camping at Hetch Hetchy. These activities would allow all visitors to fully appreciate the Hetch Hetchy canyon as well as provide hikers, campers, fishermen and climbers practical access to the streams feeding Hetch Hetchy and the granite monoliths surrounding the reservoir. The public deserves more opportunities for recreation at Hetch Hetchy.
Large Reservoirs providing five types of recreation: Shasta, Oroville, Trinity, Don Pedro, San Luis, Lake Berryessa, Isabella, Lake Almanor, Folsom, Exchequer, Pine Flat, New Bullards Bar, Lake Tahoe, Lake Havasu, Clear Lake, Millerton, Nacimiento, Warm Springs, Camanche, Clear Lake, Indian Valley, Black Butte, San Antonio, New Hogan, Castaic, Casitas, Stampede, Whiskeytown, Cherry Valley, Union Valley, Terminus, Schafer, Hell Hole, Buena Vista, Spicer, Eastman Lake, Lake Crowley, Pyramid, Imperial, Mendocino, Salt Springs, Edison Lake, Camp Far West, Shaver, Courtright, Wishon, Perris, Mammoth Pool, Hidden, Bucks Lake & Englebright.
Large Reservoirs providing four types of recreation: Bradbury, Pardee, Los Vaqueros & Anderson.
Large Reservoirs providing three types of recreation: Diamond Valley, San Vicente & El Capitan.
Large Reservoirs providing one type of recreation: Hetch Hetchy
Large Reservoirs providing no recreation: Lake Matthews
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Note our new address – we have moved to the suite next door: Restore Hetch Hetchy, 3286 Adeline Street, Berkeley, CA 94703
And please join us and special guest Pulitzer Prize winner Tom Philp at our Annual Dinner in Lafayette on October 26!
by Spreck | Sep 21, 2024 | Uncategorized
Friends:
We are repeating our request from September 1 to tell the National Park Service to consider Hetch Hetchy carefully as it considers a reservation system for the entire park. It is essential that a reservation system consider that Hetch Hetchy has its own entrance and that its peak use periods differ from those of the rest of the park. A one size fits all solution would shortchange park visitors. Our September 1 blog is posted as is Restore Hetch Hetchy’s own letter.
Most simply, you can weigh in online. Below, in boldface type, we are providing sample text that you can copy into the National Park Service form (as always feel free to say it however you like, but please weigh in if you have not already done so).
- The preferred “Alternative B” would affect access to Hetch Hetchy at times when overcrowding is of little or no concern. The National Park Service should require reservations throughout the park (including Hetch Hetchy) on weekends in late spring, but eliminate restrictions at Hetch Hetchy during the summer season.
- The NPS should provide public transportation to Hetch Hetchy. It is the only entrance to Yosemite without public transportation.
- The NPS should allow all visitors to camp at the Hetch Hetchy Campground. Furthermore, the campground and its restroom should be upgraded to the standards found elsewhere in the park.
- The National Park Service should change its policy to allow boating and fishing at Hetch Hetchy.
Please copy and submit here.
Comments are due September 30 – why not do it now? Thanks for you help!
by Spreck | Sep 1, 2024 | Uncategorized
The National Park Service has proposed an ongoing reservation system for Yosemite as described in its Visitor Access Management Draft Plan and EA (hereinafter, VAMP). The VAMP’s “preferred alternative” would establish criteria for an ongoing reservation system that would further disadvantage access to Hetch Hetchy.
Restore Hetch Hetchy is asking supporters to weigh in before the September 30 deadline. The Park Service encourages feedback online here, but also allows printed responses using the form posted here.
The VAMP proposal itself is posted on our website. It’s lengthy but fairly quick and easy to read.
The NPS would limit access to Hetch Hetchy in summer even when visitor demand is modest. The plan makes no sense.
Alternative B, identified as “preferred” by the National Park Service, would require reservations at Hetch Hetchy on the same days as reservations are required throughout the rest of Yosemite (See page 2-15, under “ACTIONS COMMON TO ALTERNATIVE B AND ALTERNATIVE C”). This proposal is nonsensical for a number of reasons including:
- The access road to Hetch Hetchy is entirely separate from the access roads to other areas of Yosemite National Park;
- Unlike the rest of Yosemite National Park, there is no public transportation to Hetch Hetchy; and
- Most importantly, the peak use season at Hetch Hetchy is not the same as the peak use season for other areas in Yosemite National Park.
Restore Hetch Hetchy asks supporters to explain to the National Park Service that Alternative B, as currently configured, is not acceptable and that any system for requiring reservations at Hetch Hetchy should reflect its peak use season and not that of other areas of Yosemite.
We do understand that Hetch Hetchy’s limited capacity has been oversubscribed during weekends in late spring, and that requiring reservations during this time may be the only viable short term solution. (Every parking space was taken on 15 days in the spring of 2024.)
The popularity of Hetch Hetchy in late spring is primarily due to the wonderful moderate hike along the reservoir’s north shore to the incomparable Wapama Falls. As snowmelt subsides with the onset of summer, however, this hike is less popular. Until the National Park Service allows additional activities at Hetch Hetchy, or better yet when the reservoir is relocated and the valley restored, the popularity of Hetch Hetchy is unlikely to warrant requiring reservations during hot summer months.
The rest of Yosemite National Park, on the other hand, is popular throughout the summer. Visitors flock from around the world to Yosemite Valley, as well as Tuolumne Meadows, the Mariposa Grove, Glacier Point, and other parts of the national park where fishing, swimming, boating and camping are allowed and hiking trails are plentiful. Restore Hetch Hetchy takes no position on how a reservation system ought to be managed in these areas but contends it ought to be distinct from how the Hetch Hetchy area is managed.
Restore Hetch Hetchy continues to work with the National Park Service to improve access and visitor opportunities at Hetch Hetchy in several ways, including:
- Providing public transportation to Hetch Hetchy;
- Improving the campground at Hetch Hetchy and allowing all visitors to stay overnight;
- Allowing access along the Hetch Hetchy road 24 hours a day as it is in other areas of Yosemite National Park;
- Allowing public use of the cabins presently reserved for San Francisco’s elites now being used for purposes not authorized by the Raker Act; and
- Allowing fishing in and non-motorized boating on Hetch Hetchy Reservoir (we reject the NPS’ recently modified spurious legal rationale to restrict these activities as stated in the Superintendent’s Compendium).
Please tell the National Park Service what you think by September 30. Restore Hetch Hetchy suggests:
- Any required reservations at Hetch Hetchy should be limited to weekends during spring snowmelt.
- Additional recreation opportunities should be provided at Hetch Hetchy; and
- Feel free to comment on any other aspect on the VAMP.
Thank you for your help.
